Each boundary can have zero or more child boundaries that it encloses. This measurement identifies each of those nested children by their feature index.
This is a non-standard measurement because the type of the measurement is a Long index value rather than a Double numeric value. The measurement is exposed as a length-McFeatures.Count array of Variant. Each of these Variants holds an array of Long feature indices.
The length of the array in each variant will be equal to the corresponding mRgnNestedChildrenCount value. This length can be and often will be zero. Although a zero-length array cannot be created in VB, the UBound function will still work on such arrays and will return -1 for their upper bound.
Nesting is based on boundary polygon computations where it is assumed that boundaries are either completely enclosed or not enclosed at all. For regions that overlap without being completely nested, the nesting relationship is ambiguous: either feature may be considered the parent or they may be considered not nested at all.
Note that a hole and a nested region are different things. Holes have no effect on this measurement unless they correspond to feature boundaries (and they usually will not). See the Holes and NestedWithin properties for more discussion.